The relaxation processes in atomic xenon following core ionization of the 4⁢𝑑 and 4⁢𝑝 subshells by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a free-electron laser (FLASH) are investigated using ion time-of-flight spectroscopy. We compare the dynamics following ionization and Auger-Meitner decays at 90-eV photon energy, i.e., near the giant resonance, with those at 160 eV, near the Cooper minimum, where cross sections for photoionization of the 4⁢𝑑 and 4⁢𝑝 subshells are similar. Final states with charges higher than 4 show signatures of sequential absorption of two XUV photons, followed by subsequent Auger-Meitner decay. The averaged lifetimes of some important excited states are measured in a two-color XUV-pump–near-infrared-probe experiment. A transient enhancement in the ion yield of Xe5+ with an average lifetime of (49±3) fs is obtained, attributed to transient intermediate states following the decay of 4⁢𝑑 double-core-hole states.