TY - GEN AB - Ultra-intense lasers that ionize atoms and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but X-ray scattering at keV photon energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Here, we perform such experiment on laser-driven flat silicon membranes that shows the development of structure with a dominant scale of 60 nm in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and 95 nm in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than 0.1 fs⁻¹. Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced plasma density development, indicating the excitation of plasmons and a filamentation instability. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm that these signals are due to an oblique two-stream filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into ultra-fast instability and heating processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with possible implications for laser particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, and laboratory astrophysics. AU - Ordyna, Paweł AU - Bähtz, Carsten AU - Brambrink, Erik AU - Bussmann, Michael AU - Laso Garcia, Alejandro AU - Garten, Marco AU - Gaus, Lennart AU - Göde, Sebastian AU - Grenzer, Jörg AU - Gutt, Christian AU - Höppner, Hauke AU - Huang, Lingen AU - Hübner, Uwe AU - Humphries, Oliver AU - Marré, Brian Edward AU - Metzkes-Ng, Josefine AU - Miethlinger, Thomas AU - Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki AU - Öztürk, Özgül AU - Pan, Xiayun AU - Paschke-Brühl, Franziska AU - Pelka, Alexander AU - Prencipe, Irene AU - Preston, Thomas AU - Randolph, Lisa AU - Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter AU - Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick AU - Šmíd, Michal AU - Starke, Sebastian AU - Štefaníková, Radka AU - Thiessenhusen, Erik AU - Toncian, Toma AU - Zeil, Karl AU - Schramm, Ulrich AU - Cowan, Thomas E. AU - Kluge, Thomas DA - 2024 DA - 2024 EP - 296 ID - 3857 J1 - Commun. Phys. JA - Commun. Phys. JF - Communications Physics L1 - https://xfel.tind.io/record/3857/files/s42005-024-01776-6.pdf L2 - https://xfel.tind.io/record/3857/files/s42005-024-01776-6.pdf L4 - https://xfel.tind.io/record/3857/files/s42005-024-01776-6.pdf LA - eng LA - English LK - https://xfel.tind.io/record/3857/files/s42005-024-01776-6.pdf LK - https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01776-6 N2 - Ultra-intense lasers that ionize atoms and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but X-ray scattering at keV photon energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Here, we perform such experiment on laser-driven flat silicon membranes that shows the development of structure with a dominant scale of 60 nm in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and 95 nm in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than 0.1 fs⁻¹. Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced plasma density development, indicating the excitation of plasmons and a filamentation instability. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm that these signals are due to an oblique two-stream filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into ultra-fast instability and heating processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with possible implications for laser particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, and laboratory astrophysics. PB - Springer Nature PY - 2024 PY - 2024 SP - 296 T1 - Visualizing plasmons and ultrafast kinetic instabilities in laser-driven solids using X-ray scattering TI - Visualizing plasmons and ultrafast kinetic instabilities in laser-driven solids using X-ray scattering UR - https://xfel.tind.io/record/3857/files/s42005-024-01776-6.pdf UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01776-6 VL - 7 Y1 - 2024 ER -