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Abstract
After six years of user operation, the x-ray photon diagnostics system at the European XFEL has matured and contributes daily to reliable beam delivery to users with exquisite tailored x-ray pulses at MHz repetition rates in the range from below 500 eV to above 24 keV at pulse energies up to 4 mJ in the hard x-ray and >10 mJ in the soft x-ray range, with pulse durations from ~100 fs down to below 1 fs. This contribution shortly reviews established standard FEL beam diagnostics such as gas-based pulse energy measurements at MHz-rates and scintillator-based imagers in 24/7 operation, mentioning also incurred damages to these, and then highlights our powerful new beam-diagnostic capabilities beyond baseline: regular operation of online hard x-ray crystal-based spectrometry for self-seeded lasing, two-color lasing and ultra-short pulse creation, gas-based online spectrometry for both soft and hard x-rays [8], online polarization monitoring for the soft x-ray undulator line [9], diamond-based MHz-rate beam position and pulse energy measurements [10], and temporal [11] as well as hard x-ray wavefront characterization.