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Abstract
The Sample Environment & Characterization (SEC) group of the European X-ray FreeElectron Laser (XFEL) develops sample delivery systems for the scientific instruments and provides user support in sample preparation, characterization and delivery. One branch of SEC is dedicated to the injection of liquid samples that, for instance, enables serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX). 1 The most common sample environment for SFX are free liquid jets, delivering small protein crystals into the X-ray focus. Gas dynamic virtual nozzles (GDVNs) use an outer stream of helium to further compress the jet down to a few micrometer in diameter. 2 For rapid prototyping of various injection device types and materials, sub-micrometer precision 3D printers are used. 3 By fabricating a large number of reproducible devices with reliable performance, specific experimental conditions of SFX4 and even single-particle imaging5 can be addressed. Here, we present our current pool of highthroughput 3D printed liquid sample delivery devices which encompass GDVNs, mixingGDVNs, high-viscosity extruders (HVEs) and mixing-HVEs with highly reproducible geometric features that are tailored for time-resolved SFX6 as well as membrane protein crystallography experiments7 at XFEL facilities.