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Abstract

Free-electron laser facilities provide new applications in the field of high-pressure research including planetary materials. The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) in Hamburg will start user operation in 2017 and will provide photon energies of up to 25 keV. With a photon flux of about $10^{12}$ photons/pulse, with a pulse duration of 2–100 fs and a repetition rate of up to 4.5 MHz during 600 μs long bursts with a repetition rate of 10 Hz, rendering up to 27000 pulses per second, this facility will provide unique opportunities to study material under extreme conditions. The high-energy density science instrument (HED) is one of the six baseline instruments at the European XFEL. It enables the study of dense material at strong excitation and high pressures, studying structural and electronic properties of excited states with hard x-rays. Besides the use of the x-ray FEL beam as a possible pump and/or probe, it will be equipped with a high contrast PW-class ultra-high power, a temporal shaped ultra-high energy, KJ-class and amJ-class MHz repetition rate, matching the X-ray burst structure, laser facility. Probing of the laser-generated excited states will be performed with the x-ray free electron laser.

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